Evaluate how much new transportation and/or communication technologies affected African societies from circa 1850 to 1960.
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To earn both document points, use at least 4 of these to support your argument - not just summarize them.
Describe one of these in 2-3 sentences and connect it to the prompt - a passing mention won't earn the point.
Pick one, explain it specifically, and use it to support your argument.
From 1850 to 1960 new transportation and communication technologies transformed African societies by enabling European conquest and control, reorienting economies toward exporting raw materials, and spreading disease along new routes - though Africans also used the same technologies to organize resistance and, eventually, independence movements.
Written by us as an example of the structure that earns the point (a claim plus a line of reasoning) - write your own.
Claridge and Clifford were British colonial officials writing a history of the colony they helped run, so their purpose of presenting colonial rule as progress explains why they emphasize the benefits railways brought.
Do this for at least 2 documents to earn the sourcing point.
Show how the same technology served opposite ends - railways and telegraphs as tools of colonial control, then of anticolonial mobilization - or compare Africa's experience with railway-building in colonial India.
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