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AP European History

2023 AP Euro DBQ (Set 1): Romanticism and the Enlightenment

The task (paraphrased)

Evaluate whether Romanticism stayed connected to the Enlightenment or challenged it.

Exact wording and all 7 documents: official College Board PDF

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The 7 documents

  1. William Wordsworth, British Romantic poet, “The Tables Turned,” 1798
  2. Novalis (Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg), notes for a Romantic encyclopedia, 1798–1799
  3. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, British Romantic poet, letter, 1801
  4. Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus, 1818
  5. Percy Bysshe Shelley, “A Defence of Poetry,” 1821
  6. Pelagio Palagi, Italian Romantic artist, painting of Isaac Newton discovering the refraction of light, 1827
  7. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, letter to the chancellor of Weimar, 1828

To earn both document points, use at least 4 of these to support your argument - not just summarize them.

Contextualization ideas

  • The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment championed reason, natural law and Newtonian science.
  • The French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars and early industrialization led many to question faith in reason and progress.

Describe one of these in 2-3 sentences and connect it to the prompt - a passing mention won't earn the point.

Evidence beyond the documents

  • Rousseau's emphasis on emotion and nature (for example, Emile, 1762)
  • Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) and the Sturm und Drang movement
  • Caspar David Friedrich's Wanderer above the Sea of Fog (c. 1818)
  • The Brothers Grimm's folk tales and Romantic nationalism

Pick one, explain it specifically, and use it to support your argument.

A sample defensible thesis

Romanticism largely challenged the Enlightenment by valuing emotion, intuition and nature over pure reason and warning about the dangers of unchecked science, but it kept important connections, including a fascination with science and the Enlightenment's concern for individual freedom.

Written by us as an example of the structure that earns the point (a claim plus a line of reasoning) - write your own.

Sourcing (HIPP) example

Palagi's 1827 painting celebrates Newton, the Enlightenment's great scientific hero, so the choice of subject by a Romantic artist shows that some Romantics admired Enlightenment science even while depicting it with emotion and drama.

Do this for at least 2 documents to earn the sourcing point.

A route to the complexity point

Show the overlap and tension within single figures (Goethe as both scientist and poet), or connect Romanticism to the nationalism and liberal revolutions of 1830 and 1848.

More AP Euro DBQs

The question and documents are published by the College Board. The task above is our paraphrase; the coaching notes are DBQGrader's own. DBQGrader is not affiliated with or endorsed by the College Board.