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AP European History

2025 AP Euro DBQ (Set 1): Did the French government uphold the Revolution's ideals, 1789–1794?

The task (paraphrased)

Evaluate whether the French government upheld the ideals of the Revolution from 1789 to 1794.

Exact wording and all 7 documents: official College Board PDF

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The 7 documents

  1. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, National Assembly, August 1789
  2. Olympe de Gouges, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, September 1791
  3. The French Constitution, ratified by the National Assembly, September 1791
  4. Berr Isaac Berr, Jewish-French merchant, “Letter of a Citizen to His Fellow Jews,” October 1791
  5. Pierre Vergniaud, Girondin leader, speech to the legislature, March 1793
  6. Charlotte Corday, manifesto written before she assassinated Jean-Paul Marat, July 1793
  7. Anonymous French print on the abolition of slavery in the French colonies, 1794

To earn both document points, use at least 4 of these to support your argument - not just summarize them.

Contextualization ideas

  • Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousseau and Montesquieu supplied the language of rights, popular sovereignty and separation of powers.
  • The Old Regime's estate system and the monarchy's fiscal crisis brought the Estates-General together in 1789.

Describe one of these in 2-3 sentences and connect it to the prompt - a passing mention won't earn the point.

Evidence beyond the documents

  • The Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)
  • The Le Chapelier Law (1791) banning guilds and strikes
  • The Law of Suspects and the Committee of Public Safety's Reign of Terror (1793–1794)
  • The banning of women's political clubs (October 1793)

Pick one, explain it specifically, and use it to support your argument.

A sample defensible thesis

From 1789 to 1794 the French government partly upheld the Revolution's ideals by extending citizenship to Protestants, Jews and free Black men and abolishing colonial slavery, but it betrayed them by excluding women, restricting the vote, and suspending liberty and due process during the Terror.

Written by us as an example of the structure that earns the point (a claim plus a line of reasoning) - write your own.

Sourcing (HIPP) example

Berr Isaac Berr wrote in 1791 to fellow French Jews just after they were granted citizenship, so his purpose of celebrating and encouraging integration makes his letter strong evidence that the government did extend equality to some groups.

Do this for at least 2 documents to earn the sourcing point.

A route to the complexity point

Show change over time (the liberal 1789–1791 phase versus the radical 1793–1794 phase), or explain how the government justified violating some ideals, like liberty, in the name of others, like equality and the nation's survival.

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