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AP US History

2023 APUSH DBQ (Set 1): Commercial development and U.S. society, 1800–1855

The task (paraphrased)

Evaluate how much commercial development changed United States society from 1800 to 1855.

Exact wording and all 7 documents: official College Board PDF

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The 7 documents

  1. Report from an association of Connecticut churches, 1812
  2. Advertisement for steam engines showing an early American locomotive, Machett's Baltimore Directory, 1831
  3. Henry A. Tayloe, Alabama plantation owner, letter to his brother, 1835
  4. Elias Nason, Rhode Island college student, letter to his parents, 1835
  5. Joseph Wilson, African American writer, Sketches of the Higher Classes of Colored Society in Philadelphia, 1841
  6. Josephine L. Baker, “A Second Peep at Factory Life,” Lowell Offering, 1845
  7. “Free, vs. Slave Labor,” article in Frederick Douglass's North Star, 1848

To earn both document points, use at least 4 of these to support your argument - not just summarize them.

Contextualization ideas

  • Britain's Industrial Revolution and Hamilton's financial program laid groundwork for American commercial growth.
  • The Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812 cut off British imports and spurred domestic manufacturing.

Describe one of these in 2-3 sentences and connect it to the prompt - a passing mention won't earn the point.

Evidence beyond the documents

  • The Erie Canal (1825) and the transportation revolution
  • Henry Clay's American System
  • The Panic of 1837
  • Irish and German immigration in the 1840s

Pick one, explain it specifically, and use it to support your argument.

A sample defensible thesis

From 1800 to 1855 commercial development changed U.S. society significantly by drawing young women and immigrants into wage labor, creating a new urban middle class, and tying the cotton South to Northern industry, even as it deepened the regional divide over slavery.

Written by us as an example of the structure that earns the point (a claim plus a line of reasoning) - write your own.

Sourcing (HIPP) example

Baker wrote for the Lowell Offering, a magazine of mill workers' writing that critics at the time saw as friendly to the mill owners, so its audience and purpose push toward a respectable picture of factory life - which makes any hardship she does describe especially telling.

Do this for at least 2 documents to earn the sourcing point.

A route to the complexity point

Compare the Market Revolution's effects on different regions and groups - Northern factory workers, Southern planters and enslaved people, free Black elites - or connect the period's labor debates to later industrial conflict.

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