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AP US History

2024 APUSH DBQ (Set 1): How slavery shaped U.S. society, 1783–1840

The task (paraphrased)

Evaluate how much the institution of slavery shaped United States society from 1783 to 1840.

Exact wording and all 7 documents: official College Board PDF

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The 7 documents

  1. William Cushing, Massachusetts chief justice, notes on Quock Walker v. Nathaniel Jennison, 1783
  2. Benjamin Banneker, free African American mathematician and surveyor, letter to Thomas Jefferson, 1791
  3. Mathew Carey, Pennsylvania newspaper editor, pamphlet on the Missouri question, 1820
  4. Richard Furman, South Carolina Baptist leader, Exposition of the Views of the Baptists, 1823
  5. William Lloyd Garrison, article in the Genius of Universal Emancipation, 1829
  6. Jarena Lee, African American preacher, Religious Experience and Journal, 1836
  7. American Anti-Slavery Almanac image on New York's nine-month law for enslavers, 1840

To earn both document points, use at least 4 of these to support your argument - not just summarize them.

Contextualization ideas

  • Revolutionary ideals of liberty and natural rights clashed with the reality of slavery in the new republic.
  • The Constitution's compromises - the three-fifths clause and the protection of the slave trade until 1808 - built slavery into national politics.

Describe one of these in 2-3 sentences and connect it to the prompt - a passing mention won't earn the point.

Evidence beyond the documents

  • Eli Whitney's cotton gin (1793) and the expansion of cotton into the Deep South
  • Gabriel's planned rebellion (1800) and Nat Turner's rebellion (1831)
  • The congressional gag rule on antislavery petitions (1836)
  • Northern gradual emancipation laws such as New York's (1799)

Pick one, explain it specifically, and use it to support your argument.

A sample defensible thesis

Between 1783 and 1840 slavery shaped U.S. society to a great extent, driving sectional conflict in national politics, a hardening religious and political defense of slavery in the South, and a growing abolitionist movement in the North.

Written by us as an example of the structure that earns the point (a claim plus a line of reasoning) - write your own.

Sourcing (HIPP) example

Furman wrote in 1823 as a South Carolina Baptist leader, the year after the Denmark Vesey conspiracy in Charleston - his purpose of reassuring slaveholders explains his religious defense of slavery and shows how the institution was reshaping Southern churches.

Do this for at least 2 documents to earn the sourcing point.

A route to the complexity point

Explain how slavery shaped North and South differently (gradual emancipation and abolitionism versus expanding cotton slavery), or connect the period's conflicts to the sectional crisis of the 1850s.

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