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AP US History

2024 APUSH DBQ (Set 2): Beliefs about threats to the U.S., 1917–1945

The task (paraphrased)

Evaluate how much beliefs about threats to the United States shaped American society from 1917 to 1945.

Exact wording and all 7 documents: official College Board PDF

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The 7 documents

  1. Henry Cabot Lodge, Massachusetts senator, Senate speech on the Treaty of Versailles, 1919
  2. A. Mitchell Palmer, U.S. attorney general, “The Case Against the Reds,” 1920
  3. Madison Grant, article in The Forum magazine, 1924
  4. Smedley D. Butler, “War is a Racket,” speech, 1935
  5. “Neutrality,” political cartoon depicting three U.S. senators, 1939
  6. Sachi Kajiwara, Japanese American woman, recollection of a racetrack converted into an internment camp, mid-1940s
  7. Mary McLeod Bethune, educator and civil rights activist, speech, circa 1942

To earn both document points, use at least 4 of these to support your argument - not just summarize them.

Contextualization ideas

  • U.S. entry into the First World War and the Bolshevik Revolution (1917) produced fears of radicals and foreign influence.
  • Decades of immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia had already fueled nativism.

Describe one of these in 2-3 sentences and connect it to the prompt - a passing mention won't earn the point.

Evidence beyond the documents

  • The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918)
  • The Sacco and Vanzetti case (1920s) and the revived Ku Klux Klan
  • The Neutrality Acts (1935–1937)
  • Executive Order 9066 (1942) and Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Pick one, explain it specifically, and use it to support your argument.

A sample defensible thesis

From 1917 to 1945 beliefs about foreign and internal threats shaped American society to a large extent, justifying repression of radicals, immigration restriction, isolationist foreign policy and the internment of Japanese Americans - though wartime needs also opened new arguments for civil rights.

Written by us as an example of the structure that earns the point (a claim plus a line of reasoning) - write your own.

Sourcing (HIPP) example

Palmer wrote as attorney general in 1920, while defending the raids his own department had carried out - his purpose of justifying those actions explains why he presents radicals as an urgent danger to the nation.

Do this for at least 2 documents to earn the sourcing point.

A route to the complexity point

Show how the same fear cut different ways - restricting immigrants and dissenters while also giving activists like Bethune an argument for democracy at home - or connect the period to the McCarthyism of the 1950s.

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