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AP US History

2025 APUSH DBQ (Set 1): The federal government's role in the economy, 1932–1980

The task (paraphrased)

Evaluate how much the federal government's role in the United States economy changed from 1932 to 1980.

Exact wording and all 7 documents: official College Board PDF

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The 7 documents

  1. Women members of the Workers Council of Colored People, letter to WPA administrator Harry Hopkins, 1937
  2. U.S. War Food Administration, pamphlet distributed to farmers, 1943
  3. Federal officials at an exhibition on the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, photograph, 1957
  4. President John F. Kennedy, State of the Union address, 1962
  5. Barry Goldwater, speech accepting the Republican presidential nomination, 1964
  6. César Chávez, statement to the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, 1969
  7. Marjorie S. Holt, Republican member of Congress, The Case Against the Reckless Congress, 1976

To earn both document points, use at least 4 of these to support your argument - not just summarize them.

Contextualization ideas

  • The 1929 crash and the Great Depression discredited the limited-government, pro-business policies of the 1920s.
  • Progressive Era regulation (antitrust, the Federal Reserve) had already set precedents for federal economic action.

Describe one of these in 2-3 sentences and connect it to the prompt - a passing mention won't earn the point.

Evidence beyond the documents

  • The Social Security Act and the Wagner Act (both 1935)
  • The GI Bill (1944)
  • Medicare and Medicaid under the Great Society (1965)
  • 1970s stagflation and the deregulation push that led to Reagan's 1980 election

Pick one, explain it specifically, and use it to support your argument.

A sample defensible thesis

From 1932 to 1980 the federal government's role in the economy grew dramatically, as the New Deal, wartime mobilization and the Great Society made Washington a regulator, employer and source of social insurance - although by the 1960s and 1970s a conservative backlash had begun to challenge that expansion.

Written by us as an example of the structure that earns the point (a claim plus a line of reasoning) - write your own.

Sourcing (HIPP) example

Goldwater is accepting a presidential nomination in 1964, so his purpose is to rally conservative voters against the expanding federal role - which makes his speech strong evidence that the expansion was large enough to provoke an organized backlash.

Do this for at least 2 documents to earn the sourcing point.

A route to the complexity point

Show continuity across parties (Republican Eisenhower funded the interstate highways) alongside the backlash, or connect the late-1970s criticism of federal spending to Reagan-era deregulation after 1980.

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