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AP US History

2025 APUSH DBQ (Set 2): Economic change and American society, 1865–1910

The task (paraphrased)

Evaluate how much economic changes influenced United States society from 1865 to 1910.

Exact wording and all 7 documents: official College Board PDF

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The 7 documents

  1. Francis Vinton, minister, sermon on the completion of the transcontinental railroad, 1869
  2. Henry George, journalist and politician, Progress and Poverty, 1879
  3. Lucy Parsons, formerly enslaved woman and labor activist, interview in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1886
  4. Benjamin Harrison, former president, speech in New York City supporting Republican House candidates, 1894
  5. M. E. J. Kelley, labor reformer, “The Union Label,” North American Review, 1897
  6. “Industrial Leadership,” New York Times article, 1900
  7. Charles Lewis Bartholomew, “The 'Trust Buster',” political cartoon, Minneapolis Journal, 1903

To earn both document points, use at least 4 of these to support your argument - not just summarize them.

Contextualization ideas

  • Civil War-era laws (the Pacific Railway Acts, the Homestead Act, protective tariffs) set the stage for rapid industrial growth.
  • The end of Reconstruction in 1877 turned national attention from the South to industrial expansion and the West.

Describe one of these in 2-3 sentences and connect it to the prompt - a passing mention won't earn the point.

Evidence beyond the documents

  • The Homestead Strike (1892) and the Pullman Strike (1894)
  • The Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
  • The Populist Party's Omaha Platform (1892)
  • Andrew Carnegie's “Gospel of Wealth” (1889)

Pick one, explain it specifically, and use it to support your argument.

A sample defensible thesis

Between 1865 and 1910 economic change reshaped American society by concentrating wealth in giant corporations, creating an industrial working class that organized to defend itself, and provoking reform movements - even as faith in individual opportunity and limited government persisted.

Written by us as an example of the structure that earns the point (a claim plus a line of reasoning) - write your own.

Sourcing (HIPP) example

The 1900 New York Times piece celebrating the “Captain of industry” was written for an urban, business-reading audience at the height of corporate consolidation, which helps explain why it praises industrialists while ignoring the labor conflict other documents describe.

Do this for at least 2 documents to earn the sourcing point.

A route to the complexity point

Contrast how different groups read the same changes - industrialists and their defenders celebrating progress, workers and Populists attacking monopoly - or connect the reform pressure to the Progressive Era's antitrust and regulation.

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